Denna rapport tar en titt på phishing-problemet, något som många har råkat ut för med bland annat de falska Nordea eller eBay mejl som på senaste tiden har dykt upp i våra inkorgar, och ett eventuellt sätt att minska phishingens effekt. Fokus i rapporten ligger på klassificering av mejl och den huvudsakliga frågeställningen är: ?Är det, med hög träffsäkerhet, möjligt att med hjälp av ett klassificeringsverktyg sortera ut mejl som har med phishing att göra från övrig skräppost.? Det visade sig svårare än väntat att hitta phishing mejl att använda i klassificeringen. I de klassificeringar som genomfördes visade det sig att både metoden Naive Bayes och med Support Vector Machine kan hitta upp till 100 % av phishing mejlen. Rapporten pressenterar arbetsgången, teori om phishing och resultaten efter genomförda klassificeringstest..

Facial expressions are a part of our body language that helps us to clarify the verbal communication between humans. We use our facial expressions every day, both consciously and unconsciously, to express emotions and attitudes depending on the situation. The hypothesis of the study is: Given a facial expression, how well can Microsoft Kinect, as an input method, determine a person?s feelings with the two algorithms Naive Bayes and Sequential Minimal Optimization? The feelings are limited to happy, sad, surprised and disgusted. With the help of Kinect, a person?s facial data, both coordinates of the face and parameterized data, were saved and used for machine learning.

We have by Statistics Sweden (SCB) been given the task of using different dynamic regression models in order to forecast service price index for sea transport. The aim is to see whether these models provide better forecasts than those previously used. This essay aim to identify, estimate and evaluate the selected prediction models. Through our data material we were given access to 28 sightings of sea transport index during the period of 2004 q1 to 2010 q4. We have chosen to evaluate three different transfer function models, one ARIMA model and one naive forecasting model. The input variables we decided to test in our transfer function models were the price of petroleum products, the port activity in Swedish ports and the lending rate of Swedish Central bank. The results of our study suggest that transfer function models generally provide better models than the ARIMA model and the naive forecast model.

Velopharyngeal insufficiency may affect resonance, articulation and thus how speech is perceived by other listeners. Velopharyngeal insufficiency is frequently found in the cleft palate population due to structural abnormalities of the palate. The pharyngeal flap is the most commonly used operation designed to improve velopharyngeal function. The aim of the present study was to compare speech before and after pharyngeal flap surgery by perceptual evaluation regarding nasality, articulation and deviant speech. The study includes preoperative and postoperative speech samples of 28 patients who underwent pharyngeal flap surgery at the University Hospital in Linköping between 2002 and 2007.

The Swedish language contains contrasts of tonal word accents, realized by change in the F0 contour. Contrasts of word accents require at least two syllables with stress on the first syllable of the word or a stressed syllable followed by a non-stressed.The purpose of the present study was to examine how five-year-old children living in Östergötland with typical language development produce and discriminate tonal word accents. In addition, it was investigated how these abilities affect each other and comparisons were made to a similar study on children living in Skåne.For elicitation of tonal word accents a set of pictures with contrastive tonal word accents was used. The children were recorded and their answers were evaluated by visual classification of their F0-curves. In a perceptual analysis of the children?s productions, 11 linguistically naive listeners evaluated 44 randomized words from the recordings.

The aim of this study is to examine what social workers consider as ?challenging behaviour? among adolescents, but also to examine the connection between investigation and intervention in cases where such behaviour is being displayed. The questions of the study are to examine what social workers think of the instrument of assessment BBIC (Children?s Needs in Focus) and how the usage of BBIC affect social workers understanding of challenging behaviour. Moreover, it is a qualitative study and the respondents are all social workers with various length of professional experience who work with making decisions in juvenile welfare cases.

I detta arbete behandlas de grundläggande elementen i en brottmålsprocess med särskilt fokus på hur själva bevisvärderingen går till, särskilt då DNA-bevisning ingår i materialet. Dels beskrivs de vanligast förekommande teorierna och vad som sagts om dessa i doktrinen, dels belyses utvalda rättsfall för att visa hur det hela faktiskt fungerar i praktiken. Problematiken kretsar främst kring hur en domstol kommer fram till att ett visst faktums existens är ställt utom rimligt tvivel. Texten föreslår att de nuvarande metoderna för bevisvärdering bör kompletteras med metoder som utvecklats av besluts-, risk- och policyanalysvetare. Mer specifikt föreslås att domstolar i större utsträckning bör använda metoder så som Bayes teorem för att anpassa sina sannolikhetsuppskattningar då nya bevis förs fram i en process..

The purpose with this study was to get a deeper understanding of how the social welfare secretaries experience the meeting with clients.Our main questions were how the social welfare secretaries thinks about their own way to behave in the meeting with clients, which difficulties/obstacles there can be a and which factors they think affect the meeting. What is it that makes the social welfare secretaries experience a meeting as good or less good.Theory used: ?naive theory? and ?theory of communication?. The social welfare secretaries emphasised the importance of respect and clarity in their relations with the clients. By contrast with literature, the hover between power and support was not found difficult.The goal is that the social welfare secretaries and the clients understand each other and that they reach the purpose with the meeting..

In this thesis we study four groups of students in grade 8, 9 and 10 when they try to solve a classical mathematical problem: Which rectangle with given circumference has the largest area? The aim of the study was too see how the students did to solve a mathematichal problem?The survey shows that students have rather poor strategies to solve mathematical problems. The most common mistake is that students don?t put much energy to understand the problem before trying to solve it. They have no strategies.

The aim of this study was to determine a method to habituate treadmill-naive Labrador Retrievers to walk and trot on a treadmill. 17 Labradors was equipped with reflective markers glued to the skin. Their motions were captured with six 240 Hz infra-red cameras as they walked and trotted on a treadmill three times a day for two days. Also the heart-rate was recorded. We then used QTM and custom built software to analyze the measurements.

Egendomliga sammanträffanden kan vara viktiga att notera och uppmärksamma om man vill upptäcka miljöproblem. En ovanligt stor ansamling av sjukdomar inom ett litet område eller inom en liten grupp kan ge anledning till oro i omgivningen. Målet med det här projektet var att med statistiska metoder undersöka hur osannolika sådanaansamlingar är och om det går att avfärda dem som slumpmässiga händelser eller inte, samt att konstruera modeller vars syfte är att identifiera hälsofarliga miljöer.Endast icke smittsamma sjukdomar har studerats i detta projekt och de formler som har konstruerats bygger framför allt på Bayes sats. I de beräkningar som gjorts har detantagits att antalet sjukdomsfall är binomialfördelade.För att kunna beräkna risken för en skadlig miljöfaktor givet ett antal sjuka behövs en a priori skattning för sannolikheten att denna miljöfaktor finns och kunskap om hurmycket den höjer risken för sjukdom. Dessa värden är såklart osäkra, särskilt om det är okänt vilken miljöfaktor det skulle kunna röra sig om.

Listed corporations achieve effectiveness through segmentation of investors. Categorization of like- minded investors diminishes goal incongruence. This thesis aim to examine an Investor models accuracy, provided by a Professor Emeritus in Economic Psychology in 2001. This model segments investors as active, passive, speculative and naive investors. This thesis has a demarcation to private investors on the Swedish stock market. It has a deductive and qualitative approach as the purpose is to study the Investor model.

This thesis takes on a broader perspective of the modern age phenomenon we call spam. One of the aims of this thesis is to present and to compare the variety of methods used in the day-to-day fight against spam, as far they have evolved today, but also to present and discuss some alternative methods for suggested future use. The properties of a common e-mail spam are analyzed to show how the components that make up the structure in an e-mail can be used to classify spam. Furthermore I explain the naïve Bayesian classification methods, the signature-based method, the commonly used rule-based method and the challenge and response method and discuss these. The widespread use of blacklists is also explained and a close new variant to blacklisting, Turntide is presented and discussed.

In this thesis we compare how different strategies in choosing attribute values affects junk mail filtering. We used two different variants of a naïve Bayesian junk mail filter. The first variant classified an e-mail by comparing it to a feature vector containing all attribute values that were found in junk mails in the part of the e-mail collection we used for training the filter. The second variant compared an e-mail to a feature vector that consisted of the attributes that was found in ten or more junk mails in the part of the e-mail collection we used for training the filter. We used an e-mail collection that consisted of 300 e-mails, 210 of these were junk mails and 90 were legitimate e-mails.

Sammanfattning I september 2008 fångades 311 juveniler (unga individer) av arten sill (Clupea harengus) in vid fyra olika områden på den svenska västkusten; Råssö, Hunnebo, Askerö- och Gullmarfjorden. Genetiska, kemiska och morfologiska data (längd och vikt) samlades in i syfte att bestämma vilka populationer de härstammade ifrån. Fångster av sill är så gott som alltid av blandat ursprung eftersom individer bara samlas i de populationer de stammar ifrån vid den tid på året då det är dags för parning (lek). I den här uppsatsen klassificerar jag juvenilerna till tre regioner i vilka populationerna ingår, genom att jämföra de data som samlats in från juvenilerna med motsvarande data i en stor databas över populationer i Nordsjön, Skagerrak, Kattegat och Östersjön samt med ytterligare en population, Risør, som inte ingår i denna databas. Data om populationerna kommer från samples och de sanna populationsparametrarna (dvs.